Whimbrel illustration
Birdsong field guide

Whimbrel

Numenius phaeopus

The Whimbrel is a large, holarctic shorebird distinguished by its long, down-curved bill and bold dark stripes on its crown. It is one of the most widely distributed curlew species, famous for its incredible long-distance migrations.

What it sounds like

A rapid, rhythmic series of 5 to 7 even, high-pitched whistling 'ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti' notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Mark James Pearson · United KingdomCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Their decurved bills are specialized for reaching into deep burrows to extract fiddler crabs and other crustaceans.
  • Whimbrels are capable of massive non-stop flights; some tracked individuals have flown over 4,000 miles across the ocean in one leg of migration.
  • Unlike many shorebirds, they frequently forage for berries, such as crowberries and blueberries, while on their northern breeding grounds.
  • They exhibit high site fidelity, often returning to the exact same nesting territory and wintering mudflat for several consecutive years.
  • Adults use a 'broken-wing' distraction display to lure potential predators away from their well-camouflaged ground nests.
Habitat
Arctic and subarctic tundra for breeding; coastal mudflats, estuaries, mangroves, and sandy beaches during the non-breeding season.
Range
Global distribution; breeds across the Arctic circles of North America and Eurasia, wintering on coasts throughout the Southern Hemisphere and lower latitudes.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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