Eskimo Curlew illustration
Birdsong field guide

Eskimo Curlew

Numenius borealis

The Eskimo Curlew is a small, critically endangered shorebird once famous for its vast migratory flocks that darkened the skies before being hunted to near-extinction.

What it sounds like

Described as a soft, rippling whistle or a melodic 'bee-bee' sound.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
No reference call found yet · Xeno-canto

Field notes

  • Once so abundant they were nicknamed 'prairie pigeons,' millions were killed by market hunters in the late 19th century.
  • The species utilized an elliptical migration route, traveling north through the Great Plains and returning south via the Atlantic coast.
  • A primary food source during spring migration was the egg pods of the now-extinct Rocky Mountain locust.
  • Distinguished from the similar Whimbrel by its smaller size, shorter bill, and unbarred cinnamon-colored underwing coverts.
  • The last universally accepted sighting occurred in 1963, though it is still officially listed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct).
Habitat
Arctic tundra for nesting; pampas and maritime grasslands for wintering.
Range
Breeding in the western Canadian Arctic; wintering in southern South America, primarily Argentina.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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