Eurasian Curlew illustration
Birdsong field guide

Eurasian Curlew

Numenius arquata

The Eurasian Curlew is the largest wading bird in the Western Palearctic, iconic for its exceptionally long, downward-curving bill and evocative, haunting vocalizations. It serves as a flagship species for conservation in temperate grasslands and coastal wetlands.

What it sounds like

A loud, rising 'cur-lee' whistle and a liquid, melodic bubbling trill that accelerates in tempo during the breeding season.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Eric Cuvelier · BelgiumCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the largest wader in Europe, with a wingspan reaching up to 100 centimeters.
  • Females generally possess longer bills than males, an example of sexual dimorphism that allows them to probe different depths for prey.
  • The species is currently classified as Near Threatened globally, with significant population declines driven by habitat loss and high nest predation.
  • During the breeding season, males perform a distinctive 'bubbling' display flight to establish territory and attract mates.
  • Their bills contain specialized sensory pits at the tip, enabling them to detect the vibrations of buried invertebrates in the mud.
Habitat
Breeds on damp moorlands, upland bogs, and rough pastures; winters on coastal mudflats, saltmarshes, and sandy beaches.
Range
Breeds across temperate Europe and Asia; winters in coastal Africa, southern Asia, and throughout the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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