Spotted Owl illustration
Birdsong field guide

Spotted Owl

Strix occidentalis

A medium-sized nocturnal owl of the western Americas, distinguished by its dark eyes and white spots on deep brown plumage. It serves as a key indicator species for the health of old-growth forest ecosystems.

What it sounds like

A rhythmic four-note series of high-pitched hoots or barks, often described as 'who-who-who-who'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Field notes

  • They are strictly monogamous and typically maintain the same mate and territory for their entire lives.
  • Unlike many birds, they do not build nests, instead utilizing natural tree cavities or abandoned raptor platforms.
  • The invasive Barred Owl is a primary threat, outcompeting them for territory and occasionally interbreeding.
  • Their diet consists almost exclusively of nocturnal arboreal mammals like flying squirrels and woodrats.
  • They are highly sensitive to temperature and rely on the cool microclimates of dense forest canopies to thermoregulate.
Habitat
Mature, multi-layered old-growth coniferous or mixed-evergreen forests.
Range
Pacific Northwest, California, and the Southwestern United States into central Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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