Steppe Eagle illustration
Birdsong field guide

Steppe Eagle

Aquila nipalensis

A large, dark brown raptor of the open plains, the Steppe Eagle is a specialized predator and scavenger known for its exceptionally long migratory journeys. It is distinguished by a deep yellow gape that extends further back than in any other eagle species.

What it sounds like

Mostly silent; during breeding or when threatened, it emits a harsh, croaking 'kyow-kyow' or a raspy bark.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Bo Shunqi 薄顺奇 · ChinaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The yellow gape of the Steppe Eagle is unique because it extends back past the middle of the eye, unlike the similar Lesser Spotted Eagle.
  • It is a specialized hunter of ground squirrels (Spermophilus), often waiting patiently at burrow entrances to ambush its prey.
  • The species is the national animal of Kazakhstan and is depicted on the country's national flag.
  • Unlike many other large eagles that prefer high cliffs or trees, the Steppe Eagle frequently builds its large stick nest directly on the ground.
  • It is a long-distance migrant, with some individuals traveling over 10,000 kilometers between Eurasian breeding grounds and wintering sites in Africa or South Asia.
Habitat
Open, arid environments including steppes, semi-deserts, savannas, and alpine meadows.
Range
Breeds from Romania east through Central Asia to Mongolia; winters in East and Southern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian subcontinent.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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