Spanish Eagle illustration
Birdsong field guide

Spanish Eagle

Aquila adalberti

The Spanish Imperial Eagle is a massive, globally threatened raptor endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, known for its striking adult plumage and specialized diet.

What it sounds like

A series of deep, harsh barks resembling 'owk-owk-owk' or 'kyok-kyok-kyok'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. SonoNatura · SpainCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is one of the world's rarest birds of prey, once nearly extinct with only 30 pairs remaining in the 1960s.
  • Adults are distinguished by 'white shoulders'—conspicuous white patches on the leading edges of their dark brown wings.
  • The species is highly specialized, with the European rabbit making up over 70% of its diet in most regions.
  • Unlike many large eagles, it is a sedentary species that maintains its territory year-round rather than migrating.
  • Juveniles possess a completely different 'tawny' appearance, featuring pale, reddish-buff feathers that darken as they mature.
Habitat
Mediterranean oak woodlands (dehesas), marshes, and open plains with nearby large trees for nesting.
Range
Endemic to the southwestern and central Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).

Similar & commonly confused birds

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