South African Swallow illustration
Birdsong field guide

South African Swallow

Petrochelidon spilodera

A colonial, migratory swallow endemic to Southern Africa during the breeding season, distinguished by its square tail and rufous-buff rump.

What it sounds like

A rapid, squeaky twittering song and soft, repetitive 'chreep' contact calls.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Dawie de Swardt · South AfricaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It constructs characteristic gourd-shaped mud nests with entrance tunnels, often forming massive colonies under bridges or eaves.
  • Unlike many other swallow species, it possesses a square-ended tail rather than a deeply forked shape.
  • This bird is an intra-African migrant, flying north to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon during the austral winter.
  • The species features a distinctive diagnostic throat pattern consisting of dark speckles on a pale, creamy background.
  • Breeding colonies are highly social and can consist of several hundred to over a thousand individual nests packed closely together.
Habitat
Open grasslands and karoo near water bodies, frequently utilizing man-made structures like bridges and dams for nesting.
Range
Breeds primarily in South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe; migrates to Central Africa.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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