Cave Swallow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Cave Swallow

Petrochelidon fulva

A small, social aerial insectivore known for its buffy throat and forehead, closely related to the Cliff Swallow but preferring subterranean or sheltered nesting sites.

What it sounds like

A series of high-pitched, melodic squeaks and soft, rhythmic chattering warbles.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Phoenix Birder · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Unlike the Cliff Swallow's gourd-shaped nest, the Cave Swallow builds an open, cup-shaped nest made of mud and plant fibers.
  • The species has undergone a significant range expansion in the United States by adapting to nest under highway bridges and in culverts.
  • In late autumn, Cave Swallows frequently engage in 'reverse migration,' appearing in large numbers along the northeastern U.S. coast.
  • They are highly colonial, with some cave systems in the Southwest housing thousands of nesting individuals simultaneously.
  • Field identification relies on their cinnamon-colored forehead and pale buffy throat, which distinguishes them from the dark-throated Cliff Swallow.
Habitat
Caves, sinkholes, and increasingly under man-made structures like bridges and highway culverts near open water.
Range
Southwestern United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean islands.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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