Cliff Swallow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Cliff Swallow

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

A highly social aerial insectivore recognizable by its squared tail, buff-colored rump, and pale forehead. It is famous for building dense colonies of gourd-shaped mud nests on vertical cliffs and man-made structures.

What it sounds like

A low-pitched, metallic chattering or creaking sound consisting of squeaks, rattles, and 'zerrp' notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Valerie Heemstra · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Individuals construct their nests by collecting and stacking over 1,000 individual mud pellets.
  • They practice conspecific brood parasitism, often laying eggs in or moving them to the nests of their neighbors.
  • Colonies act as information centers where birds follow successful foragers to find ephemeral insect swarms.
  • The species is the subject of the legendary annual return to the Mission San Juan Capistrano in California.
  • Research indicates urban populations have evolved shorter wings to improve takeoff maneuverability and avoid vehicle collisions.
Habitat
Open areas near water, including grasslands, agricultural fields, and canyons, often nesting under bridges.
Range
Breeds across North America from Alaska to Mexico; migrates to winter in southern South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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