Rufous Hummingbird illustration
Birdsong field guide

Rufous Hummingbird

Selasphorus rufus

The Rufous Hummingbird is a small but exceptionally feisty nectar-feeder known for its brilliant copper-orange plumage and remarkable migratory endurance. It is widely regarded as one of the most aggressive hummingbird species, frequently defending territories against much larger birds.

What it sounds like

A sharp, buzzy 'chip' or 'tcheee' and a distinctive metallic whine produced by the wings during flight.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Peter Ward and Ken Hall · CanadaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It undertakes a massive 3,900-mile migration from Alaska to Mexico, one of the longest journeys relative to body size of any bird in the world.
  • Males are notoriously territorial and will fearlessly dive-bomb intruders, including other hummingbirds, larger birds, and even squirrels.
  • They follow a circular migratory route, traveling north along the Pacific Coast in spring and returning south through the Rocky Mountains in late summer.
  • The species possesses an extraordinary spatial memory, allowing individuals to remember the exact location of specific flowers and feeders from previous years.
  • During courtship displays, males perform high-speed J-shaped dives where their tail feathers produce a distinct, metallic popping sound at the bottom of the arc.
Habitat
Coniferous forests, mountain meadows, forest edges, and nectar-rich gardens or orchards.
Range
Breeds in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska; migrates through the Western United States to winter in Mexico and the Gulf Coast.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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