Rough-legged Hawk illustration
Birdsong field guide

Rough-legged Hawk

Buteo lagopus

A large, migratory Buteo of the high Arctic, characterized by its feathered tarsi and habit of hovering while hunting over open terrain.

What it sounds like

A loud, downward-slurring, cat-like whistle or scream described as 'keee-eer'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Lars Edenius · SwedenCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • One of only three North American raptors with feathers extending down to the toes as an adaptation for frigid climates.
  • Known for 'kiting,' a behavior where the hawk hovers in place against the wind to scan for small mammal prey.
  • Exhibits significant plumage dimorphism, occurring in distinct light-morph and dark-morph variations across its range.
  • Nests almost exclusively on cliff ledges or rocky outcrops within the treeless Arctic tundra.
  • Populations are highly dependent on the cyclic abundance of lemmings and voles in their northern breeding grounds.
Habitat
Arctic tundra during the breeding season; open grasslands, prairies, and agricultural fields during winter.
Range
Circumpolar Holarctic; breeds in Arctic North America and Eurasia, wintering in temperate latitudes.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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