Pharaoh Eagle-Owl illustration
Birdsong field guide

Pharaoh Eagle-Owl

Bubo ascalaphus

A medium-sized, desert-adapted owl of the Bubo genus, distinguished by its pale sandy plumage and striking orange-yellow eyes. It is a formidable nocturnal predator of arid landscapes across North Africa and the Middle East.

What it sounds like

A deep, two-syllable 'bu-ooh' hoot, with the second note being slightly higher in pitch and more emphatic.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Peter Boesman · OmanCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is significantly smaller and paler than its close relative, the Eurasian Eagle-Owl, an adaptation to its desert environment.
  • Nesting occurs primarily on cliff ledges, in rocky crevices, or inside caves rather than in trees.
  • The species displays prominent ear tufts that are frequently held horizontally or lowered rather than standing upright.
  • Its diet is highly opportunistic, encompassing scorpions, lizards, and large insects alongside rodents and birds.
  • Pairs are monogamous and maintain long-term territories, often returning to the same nesting site for many years.
Habitat
Arid deserts, rocky mountain slopes, canyons, and dry wadis.
Range
North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of the Middle East.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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