Great Horned Owl illustration
Birdsong field guide

Great Horned Owl

Bubo virginianus

A formidable and adaptable apex predator, the Great Horned Owl is easily identified by its prominent feathered ear tufts and piercing yellow eyes.

What it sounds like

A deep, resonant series of low hoots in a rhythmic pattern: 'hoo-h'HOO--hoo-hoo'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Scott Olmstead · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Possesses a powerful strike with a crushing talon pressure of up to 500 psi, capable of severing the spine of large prey.
  • Known as one of the primary predators of skunks, as they have a negligible sense of smell to be deterred by the scent.
  • The 'horns' are actually plumicorns, clusters of feathers used for social signaling and camouflage rather than hearing.
  • One of the earliest nesting birds in North America, often brooding eggs in mid-winter during sub-zero temperatures.
  • Their tubular eyes are fixed in place by bony sclerotic rings, necessitating a 270-degree neck rotation to change their field of view.
Habitat
Extremely diverse, ranging from dense deciduous and coniferous forests to desert canyons, cliffs, and suburban parks.
Range
Widespread across the Americas, from the northern tree line in Alaska and Canada down to the southern tip of South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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