Orchard Oriole illustration
Birdsong field guide

Orchard Oriole

Icterus spurius

The smallest North American oriole, distinguished by the adult male's unique deep chestnut and black plumage.

What it sounds like

A rapid, chattering series of bright, whistled warbles, often ending with a sharp, down-slurred note.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Tom Cooney · CanadaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the smallest oriole species in North America, typically measuring between 5 and 6 inches in length.
  • First-year males possess a unique 'delayed' plumage, appearing greenish-yellow like females but with a distinct black throat patch.
  • They are frequent nectar-feeders and often inadvertently assist in the pollination of flowering trees and shrubs.
  • Highly social compared to other orioles, they sometimes nest in high densities, with multiple pairs sharing the same tree.
  • Their nests are semi-pendent pouches woven from flexible green grasses that camouflage the structure until the grass dries and turns yellow.
Habitat
Open deciduous woodlands, orchards, shade trees, and riverside thickets.
Range
Breeds across the eastern and central United States and southern Canada; winters in Mexico and Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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