Baltimore Oriole illustration
Birdsong field guide

Baltimore Oriole

Icterus galbula

A striking medium-sized songbird of the icterid family, famous for its brilliant orange and black plumage and complex weaving skills. It is a common summer visitor to the eastern United States and a beloved sign of spring.

What it sounds like

A series of rich, fluty, whistled notes delivered in short, jerky phrases, often accompanied by a dry, chattering 'churr' alarm call.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sue Riffe · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Females construct intricate, pendulous nests woven from plant fibers, wool, and string that hang from the tips of tree branches.
  • The species is named for the orange and black heraldic colors of Lord Baltimore, the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland.
  • They possess a specialized feeding behavior called 'gaping,' where they insert their closed bill into fruit and then open it to drink the juice.
  • They are high-protein insectivores during the breeding season but shift to a high-sugar diet of nectar and fruit during migration.
  • The Baltimore Oriole and the western Bullock's Oriole were once considered the same species, known as the Northern Oriole, due to hybridization in the Great Plains.
Habitat
Open deciduous woodlands, forest edges, riverbanks, orchards, and suburban gardens with tall shade trees.
Range
Breeds across eastern North America; winters in Florida, the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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