Ethiopian Swallow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Ethiopian Swallow

Hirundo aethiopica

The Ethiopian Swallow is a small, agile hirundine featuring glossy blue-black upperparts, a pale rufous forehead, and a distinctively narrow or broken breast band. It is closely related to the Barn Swallow but is smaller in size and lacks long outer tail streamers.

What it sounds like

A weak, high-pitched musical twittering song, often interspersed with sharp 'tsip' or 'shrip' contact calls.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sun Madakan · NigeriaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It constructs a deep, mud-cup nest typically lined with feathers and grass, often attached to buildings or bridges.
  • Unlike the similar Barn Swallow, its pectoral band is usually incomplete, appearing as two dark patches on the sides of the chest.
  • The species is largely sedentary or locally migratory, with movements often dictated by seasonal rainfall and insect abundance.
  • It is frequently seen in pairs or small groups, though it may form larger communal roosts outside of the breeding season.
  • The pale rufous or buffy coloration on the forehead is a key diagnostic feature that distinguishes it from several other African swallow species.
Habitat
Open savanna, grasslands, and agricultural clearings, often in close proximity to human habitation and water sources.
Range
Widespread across sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Senegal and Guinea east to Ethiopia and south into Tanzania.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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