Black-and-rufous Swallow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Black-and-rufous Swallow

Hirundo nigrorufa

A small, striking swallow of south-central Africa, characterized by its glossy blue-black upperparts and rich, uniform rufous underparts.

What it sounds like

A faint, high-pitched twittering song and short 'tsit' contact calls.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Dries Van de Loock · ZambiaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is unique among the genus Hirundo for lacking the elongated outer tail streamers common to many of its relatives.
  • The species is a habitat specialist, almost exclusively restricted to seasonally flooded grasslands known as dambos.
  • Nesting behavior is highly specialized, with the birds typically using subterranean cavities such as aardvark burrows or holes in termite mounds.
  • Unlike many other swallow species, it is considered largely sedentary or only locally nomadic rather than long-distance migratory.
  • It often perches low on grass stems or termite mounds, scanning for insects to hunt in its characteristic low-level 'rowing' flight.
Habitat
Seasonally flooded dambos, marshes, and open grasslands near water.
Range
South-central Africa, including parts of Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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