Dunlin illustration
Birdsong field guide

Dunlin

Calidris alpina

The Dunlin is a hardy, medium-sized sandpiper recognized by its slightly decurved bill and distinctive black belly patch during the breeding season. It is one of the most widespread shorebirds in the Northern Hemisphere, often seen in large, synchronized flocks.

What it sounds like

A distinctive, buzzy, and nasal 'treeee' or a shrill, rasping whistle given in flight.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Le Louaver Manuel · FranceCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • In breeding plumage, it is unique among similar shorebirds for having a large, jet-black patch on its belly.
  • The bill features sensitive Herbst corpuscles at the tip, allowing the bird to detect prey vibrations in the mud through 'remote touch'.
  • Flocks are famous for their highly coordinated aerial maneuvers, twisting and turning in unison to confuse Peregrine Falcons and other raptors.
  • During winter, their plumage transforms into a cryptic 'sandpiper gray,' earning them the nickname 'red-backed sandpiper' only in summer.
  • There are roughly 10 recognized subspecies worldwide, varying primarily in bill length and the intensity of their rufous dorsal coloration.
Habitat
Tundra during breeding; coastal mudflats, estuaries, and sandy beaches during migration and winter.
Range
Circumpolar; breeds in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, wintering along the coasts of North America, Europe, and Asia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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