Common Tern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Common Tern

Sterna hirundo

A slender, graceful seabird known for its deeply forked 'swallow-like' tail and acrobatic plunge-diving maneuvers over both salt and fresh water.

What it sounds like

A harsh, piercing, and downward-slurring 'kree-errr' or a rapid, staccato 'kek-kek-kek' alarm.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 0:15
Rec. Richard E. Webster · MongoliaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Distinguishable from the similar Arctic Tern by its longer legs and a bill that is typically orange-red with a distinct black tip.
  • Often referred to as the 'sea swallow' due to its elegant profile and deeply streamers on the outer tail feathers.
  • During courtship, males perform 'fish-flights' where they carry a small fish in their bill to attract and provide for a potential mate.
  • They are highly territorial colonial nesters, frequently dive-bombing and striking intruders, including humans, to protect their ground nests.
  • A long-distance migrant, some populations travel from subarctic breeding grounds to wintering sites as far south as the tip of South America.
Habitat
Coastal beaches, rocky islands, estuaries, salt marshes, and large inland lakes or rivers.
Range
Holarctic breeding range across North America, Europe, and Asia; winters in the Southern Hemisphere and tropical oceans.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Common Tern?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song