Black-bellied Tern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Black-bellied Tern

Sterna acuticauda

An elegant, medium-sized river tern known for its striking black underparts during the breeding season and its deeply forked tail. It is a highly specialized freshwater species currently facing a severe population decline due to habitat degradation.

What it sounds like

A sharp, high-pitched, and shrill 'peuo' or a repetitive, piping series of notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Peter Boesman · IndiaCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The distinctive black belly is only present during the breeding season; in winter, the underparts turn white with some grey smudging.
  • It is primarily restricted to large, slow-flowing rivers and is rarely found in coastal or marine environments.
  • The species is classified as Endangered, largely due to the loss of nesting sandbars caused by dam construction and sand mining.
  • Unlike many other terns, it often feeds by dipping to the surface to snatch insects and small fish rather than performing deep plunge-dives.
  • Breeding occurs in small, loose colonies where eggs are laid directly in shallow scrapes on open, sandy islands.
Habitat
Large inland rivers, sandbars, and occasionally nearby marshes or tanks.
Range
South and Southeast Asia, including India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Myanmar.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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