Willow Flycatcher illustration
Birdsong field guide

Willow Flycatcher

Empidonax traillii

A small, inconspicuous tyrant flycatcher that is part of the 'Empidonax' complex, best distinguished from its near-identical relatives by its sneezing song.

What it sounds like

A dry, buzzy, sneezing 'fitz-bew' song with the accent on the first syllable.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Greg Irving · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Visually indistinguishable from the Alder Flycatcher in the field, together formerly known as the Traill's Flycatcher.
  • The Southwestern subspecies (E. t. extimus) is federally listed as endangered due to critical loss of riparian breeding habitat.
  • Commonly targeted by Brown-headed Cowbirds for brood parasitism, which significantly impacts its reproductive success.
  • Forages primarily by 'sallying,' flying out from a perch to catch insects in mid-air before returning to a branch.
  • Unlike many other flycatchers, it lacks a conspicuous eye-ring, usually appearing with a very faint or absent one.
Habitat
Riparian thickets, willow clumps, brushy pastures, and shrubby wetlands.
Range
Breeds across the United States and southern Canada; migrates to wintering grounds in Central America and northwestern South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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