Gray Flycatcher illustration
Birdsong field guide

Gray Flycatcher

Empidonax wrightii

A subtle, pale insectivore of the arid West, the Gray Flycatcher is most easily distinguished from its lookalike relatives by its unique downward tail-pumping motion.

What it sounds like

A sharp, liquid 'whit' call and a dry, two-syllable song described as 'chwip' or 'quilp'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 0:09
Rec. Greg Irving · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Unlike most Empidonax flycatchers that flick their tails upward, this species pumps its tail in a slow, deliberate downward arc.
  • It is the palest and grayest member of its genus, featuring a notably long bill with a pale base to the lower mandible.
  • Gray Flycatchers are highly terrestrial for their genus, frequently hovering over the ground or dropping to the soil to capture insects.
  • Nests are typically built at low elevations, often tucked into the crotch of a sagebrush, bitterbrush, or juniper limb.
  • Historically, this bird was taxonomically confused with the Dusky Flycatcher until distinct differences in habitat and behavior were formally recognized.
Habitat
Sagebrush flats, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and arid shrub-steppe environments.
Range
Breeds throughout the Intermountain West of North America; winters in the southwestern United States and central Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Gray Flycatcher?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song