Alder Flycatcher illustration
Birdsong field guide

Alder Flycatcher

Empidonax alnorum

A small, insectivorous tyrant flycatcher nearly identical in appearance to the Willow Flycatcher, primarily distinguished by its 'free-beer' song and preference for boreal wetlands.

What it sounds like

A harsh, burry, three-syllable song often transcribed as 'free-beer!' or 'rrree-beea'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. David A. Brinkman · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Formerly conspecific with the Willow Flycatcher, they were officially recognized as separate species in 1973 due to differences in song and habitat.
  • Unlike many passerines, their vocalizations are innate rather than learned, meaning a bird raised in isolation will still produce the correct song.
  • It is a long-distance migrant, with some individuals traveling from the subarctic to the western Amazon basin twice a year.
  • The species is highly territorial during the breeding season, often using a 'tail-flicking' display to signal agitation to intruders.
  • Their nests are typically loose, bulky cups of grasses and bark strips placed low in deciduous shrubs, often overhanging water.
Habitat
Wet shrubby areas, alder thickets, willow bogs, and brushy edges of boreal forests.
Range
Breeds from Alaska and across Canada to the northeastern United States; winters in South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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