Spot-billed Pelican illustration
Birdsong field guide

Spot-billed Pelican

Pelecanus philippensis

A relatively small, pale-plumaged pelican native to southern Asia, known for the distinctive dark spots on its large bill. It is a colonial nester that thrives in both freshwater and coastal wetland environments.

What it sounds like

Generally silent, but produces low-pitched grunts, croaks, and bill-clattering at breeding colonies.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sreekumar Chirukandoth · IndiaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It features unique rows of dark spots along the sides of the upper mandible, which are absent in other pelican species.
  • Unlike many ground-nesting pelicans, this species builds large platform nests high in trees, often in mixed colonies with storks.
  • The species was downlisted from Vulnerable to Near Threatened after the discovery of several large, previously unknown breeding colonies.
  • During the breeding season, they develop a purplish-pink pouch and a greyish crest of feathers on the back of the neck.
  • They are primarily non-migratory but will disperse locally in response to changes in water levels and food availability.
Habitat
Large inland freshwater bodies, marshes, coastal lagoons, and estuaries.
Range
South and Southeast Asia, primarily India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Thailand.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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