Brown Pelican illustration
Birdsong field guide

Brown Pelican

Pelecanus occidentalis

A large, iconic coastal waterbird characterized by its massive bill, expandable throat pouch, and spectacular plunge-diving hunting technique.

What it sounds like

Adults are mostly silent but may emit low, guttural grunts; nestlings are vocal and produce shrill, begging squeals.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Isain Contreras Rodríguez · MexicoCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is one of only two pelican species that captures prey by diving into the water from heights of up to 60 feet.
  • The expandable gular pouch can hold up to three gallons of water, roughly three times the volume of the bird's stomach.
  • Extensive air sacs located beneath the skin cushion the impact of high-velocity dives and provide immediate buoyancy.
  • The species nearly went extinct in the mid-20th century due to eggshell thinning caused by the pesticide DDT.
  • After a successful dive, the bird must tilt its bill downward to drain water from its pouch before swallowing the fish.
Habitat
Exclusively marine coastal environments, including sandy beaches, estuaries, mangrove swamps, and piers.
Range
Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts of the Americas, from the southern United States to northern South America and the Galápagos.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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