Scarlet Tanager illustration
Birdsong field guide

Scarlet Tanager

Piranga olivacea

A striking Neotropical migrant known for the male's brilliant red breeding plumage and its preference for the high forest canopy. They are classic interior-forest birds that transition to a cryptic olive-green color during the non-breeding season.

What it sounds like

A series of raspy, burry whistles often likened to a 'robin with a sore throat,' plus a distinctive 'chick-burr' call note.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Bobby Wilcox · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Adult males undergo a complete molt in late summer, trading their iconic scarlet feathers for olive-green ones that resemble the female's plumage.
  • They are long-distance migrants, traveling from eastern North American forests to the Amazon basin and Andean foothills for the winter.
  • Despite their vibrant color, they are difficult to observe because they forage and nest primarily in the highest reaches of mature deciduous trees.
  • They are a 'forest-interior' species, meaning their nesting success declines significantly in fragmented habitats due to increased predation and brood parasitism.
  • Their diet is primarily insectivorous during the summer, but they shift to eating large quantities of fruit to fuel their trans-Gulf migration.
Habitat
Mature deciduous and mixed-evergreen forests, particularly those dominated by oak, beech, and maple.
Range
Breeds in eastern North America and southeastern Canada; winters in northwestern South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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