Rufous Crab Hawk illustration
Birdsong field guide

Rufous Crab Hawk

Buteogallus aequinoctialis

A specialized Neotropical raptor primarily found in coastal mangroves, characterized by its striking rufous wing markings and a diet consisting almost exclusively of crabs.

What it sounds like

A high-pitched, rapid series of piercing whistles: 'keee-keee-keee-keee-keee'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / --:--
Rec. Richard E. Webster · GuyanaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is a dietary specialist, with crabs—particularly those in the genus Ucides—composing over 90% of its prey consumption.
  • Unlike many other raptors, it frequently hunts on foot, walking across muddy mangrove flats to extract crabs from their burrows.
  • Its plumage features distinctive rufous-chestnut edges on the wing coverts, which create a vibrant contrast against its dark chocolate-brown body.
  • The species is strictly coastal and is rarely encountered more than five kilometers inland from the Atlantic tide line.
  • It belongs to the 'crab-hawk' lineage within the genus Buteogallus, sharing anatomical adaptations for handling armored crustacean prey.
Habitat
Mangrove swamps, brackish lagoons, and coastal tidal flats.
Range
Atlantic coast of South America, from eastern Venezuela to southern Brazil.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Rufous Crab Hawk?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song