Elegant Tern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Elegant Tern

Thalasseus elegans

A slender, medium-sized seabird characterized by a long, slightly decurved orange bill and a shaggy black crest during the breeding season. It is a highly social species primarily associated with the Pacific coast of the Americas.

What it sounds like

A high-pitched, raspy, and nasal 'kar-reeck' or 'keer-ick'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Paul Marvin · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Approximately 90% of the global population nests on the tiny volcanic island of Isla Rasa in the Gulf of California.
  • The species is highly sensitive to El Niño Southern Oscillation events, which can cause massive shifts in nesting distribution and prey availability.
  • Parent birds recognize their own chicks within massive 'creches' of thousands by using distinct vocal signatures.
  • The Elegant Tern's bill is longer and more slender than the similar Royal Tern, often exhibiting a noticeable yellow-orange gradient toward the tip.
  • They are opportunistic foragers that primarily target northern anchovies and Pacific sardines through shallow plunge-diving.
Habitat
Coastal beaches, lagoons, salt marshes, and productive offshore waters.
Range
Breeds in the Gulf of California and Southern California; winters along the Pacific coast from Mexico to Chile.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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