California Towhee illustration
Birdsong field guide

California Towhee

Melozone crissalis

A large, unassuming brown sparrow of the American West, the California Towhee is a terrestrial specialist often found hopping through leaf litter in suburban gardens and chaparral.

What it sounds like

A sharp, metallic 'chink' or 'pink' note; the song consists of a series of these notes that accelerate into a rapid, staccato trill.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 0:41
Rec. Ed Pandolfino · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Distinguished from other sparrows by its warm, cinnamon-colored undertail coverts known as the 'crissum'.
  • Known for its territorial aggression, it frequently attacks its own reflection in windows and car mirrors.
  • Uses a specialized 'double-scratch' foraging move, hopping forward and then kicking backward with both feet to reveal seeds and insects.
  • The species is highly sedentary and monogamous, with pairs often remaining together on the same territory year-round for life.
  • Until 1989, it was considered the same species as the Canyon Towhee, under the collective name 'Brown Towhee'.
Habitat
Chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and oak woodlands, as well as well-planted suburban backyards.
Range
Pacific slope from southern Oregon through California to the tip of Baja California.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a California Towhee?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song