Tree Swallow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Tree Swallow

Tachycineta bicolor

A sleek aerial insectivore characterized by its shimmering iridescent blue-green upperparts and stark white underparts. It is a highly social cavity nester known for its graceful flight and complex social behaviors.

What it sounds like

A series of liquid, high-pitched chirps and gurgling whistles, often described as a cheerful 'tsip-ree-ree' or 'shreep'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / --:--
Rec. AUDEVARD Aurélien · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Tree Swallows are unique among North American swallows for their ability to digest waxy bayberries, allowing them to survive colder snaps and migrate earlier than other species.
  • They engage in 'feather play,' a behavior where birds drop a feather in mid-air and dive to catch it, possibly to practice aerial agility or social bonding.
  • During migration, they form massive communal roosts that can exceed hundreds of thousands of individuals, appearing as large clouds on weather radar.
  • They are secondary cavity nesters that rely heavily on abandoned woodpecker holes or man-made nest boxes, often competing with Eastern Bluebirds for sites.
  • While adult males and females look similar, one-year-old females possess a distinct dull brown plumage, which may reduce territorial aggression from older males.
Habitat
Open areas near water, including marshes, lakes, and wet meadows with available nesting cavities.
Range
Breeds across northern and central North America; winters in the southern United States, Mexico, and Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Tree Swallow?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song