Spotted Towhee illustration
Birdsong field guide

Spotted Towhee

Pipilo maculatus

A large, bold sparrow of the western thickets, easily recognized by its dark hood, rufous flanks, and white-spotted wings and back.

What it sounds like

A buzzy, ascending 'zhreee' call and a song consisting of one or two introductory notes followed by a fast trill.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 1:20
Rec. Greg Irving · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Employs a 'double-scratch' foraging technique, hopping backward and forward to uncover seeds and insects in leaf litter.
  • Adults possess striking, bright red eyes, while juveniles have brownish eyes.
  • Was previously considered the same species as the Eastern Towhee under the name 'Rufous-sided Towhee' until 1995.
  • The white spots on its back act as disruptive coloration, helping it blend into dappled sunlight beneath shrubs.
  • Though they spend most time on the ground, males sing from high perches to defend their territory during breeding season.
Habitat
Chaparral, shrubby backyards, thickets, and forest edges with dense undergrowth.
Range
Western North America, from southern Canada through the western United States to highland Mexico and Guatemala.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Spotted Towhee?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song