Bermuda Towhee illustration
Birdsong field guide

Bermuda Towhee

Pipilo naufragus

An extinct passerine bird endemic to Bermuda, the Bermuda Towhee was a larger and more robust relative of the Eastern Towhee. It is known primarily from subfossil remains and likely vanished shortly after human colonization of the islands.

What it sounds like

Unknown, but likely resembled the buzzy 'drink-your-tea' song and sharp 'chewink' calls of the Eastern Towhee.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Field notes

  • The species was first scientifically described in 1989 from bones found in cave deposits and sinkholes.
  • Its scientific name, 'naufragus', is Latin for 'shipwrecked,' referencing Bermuda's history as a site of many maritime disasters.
  • Anatomical studies show it had shorter wings and a stouter bill than its mainland relatives, indicating a more sedentary, ground-based lifestyle.
  • It is the only known species of towhee to have inhabited an oceanic island isolated from the mainland.
  • The bird's extinction is attributed to the introduction of invasive predators like feral pigs, cats, and rats in the early 17th century.
Habitat
Dense leaf litter within Bermuda cedar (Juniperus bermudiana) and palmetto (Sabal bermudana) forests.
Range
The archipelago of Bermuda.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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