Red-cockaded Woodpecker illustration
Birdsong field guide

Red-cockaded Woodpecker

Leuconotopicus borealis

A small, cooperatively breeding woodpecker endemic to the southeastern United States, uniquely dependent on mature, living pine ecosystems.

What it sounds like

A sharp, raspy, and nasal 'szrit' or 'tsick' call, often sounding more squeaky than other woodpecker species.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sue Riffe · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only North American woodpecker to excavate nesting cavities exclusively in living pine trees.
  • The species lives in complex family groups where non-breeding 'helpers' assist the alpha pair in raising young.
  • Birds peck 'resin wells' around cavity entrances to create a sticky barrier of pine sap that deters predatory snakes.
  • Excavating a single cavity in a living tree is a multi-year process, often requiring the presence of red heart fungus to soften the wood.
  • The namesake red 'cockade' is a tiny streak of feathers on the male's crown that is rarely visible unless the bird is agitated or in hand.
Habitat
Mature, fire-maintained pine savannas, particularly those dominated by Longleaf Pine with an open, grassy understory.
Range
Southeastern United States, ranging from Virginia south to Florida and west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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