Pacific Loon illustration
Birdsong field guide

Pacific Loon

Gavia pacifica

The Pacific Loon is a sleek, medium-sized diver known for its velvety gray crown and striking black-and-white checkered mantle during the breeding season. It is one of the most abundant loon species in North America, often seen in large migratory flocks.

What it sounds like

A series of haunting, high-pitched wails and deep, rhythmic, guttural barks or yelps.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Seth Beaudreault (Toolik Field Station) · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It was taxonomically considered the same species as the Arctic Loon until they were officially split in 1985.
  • Unlike the larger Common Loon, the Pacific Loon is highly gregarious and may migrate in groups of thousands.
  • It requires a running start across the water's surface to achieve flight due to its heavy body and rear-set legs.
  • During the breeding season, it displays an iridescent purple or green throat patch that is only visible in specific lighting.
  • The species possesses specialized supraorbital glands that allow it to drink saltwater and excrete the excess salt through its bill.
Habitat
Breeds on deep tundra lakes and ponds; winters in coastal marine waters and large estuaries.
Range
Breeds across the Arctic and Subarctic of North America and Siberia; winters along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Mexico and East Asia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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