Least Bittern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Least Bittern

Botaurus exilis

The Least Bittern is the smallest heron in North America, a highly secretive bird that thrives in the dense cover of marshy wetlands. It is more often heard than seen, utilizing its slender frame to navigate through thick aquatic vegetation.

What it sounds like

A soft, rhythmic, and low-pitched 'coo-coo-coo' or 'uh-uh-uh' typically given by the male.

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Field notes

  • It is the smallest member of the Ardeidae family in the Western Hemisphere, measuring only 11 to 14 inches in length.
  • The bird often moves through marshes by straddling reed stalks, gripping them with its large, powerful feet rather than wading in the water.
  • When threatened, it adopts a 'bittern stance,' pointing its bill straight up and swaying slowly to mimic the surrounding reeds in the wind.
  • Despite their small size, they possess a highly flexible esophagus that allows them to swallow surprisingly large prey, including small fish and dragonflies.
  • They are capable of compressing their bodies laterally to slip through incredibly narrow gaps in dense cattails and bulrushes.
Habitat
Freshwater and brackish marshes with tall, dense emergent vegetation like cattails, reeds, and rushes.
Range
Breeds across the eastern and central United States and southern Canada; winters in the southern US, Mexico, and Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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