American Bittern illustration
Birdsong field guide

American Bittern

Botaurus lentiginosus

A stocky, medium-sized heron known for its cryptic brown plumage and secretive nature within wetland environments. It is more often detected by its resonant, booming call than by sight.

What it sounds like

A deep, gulping 'pump-er-lunk' or 'oonk-a-lunk' that resembles the sound of a manual water pump or a stake being driven into mud.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Peter Ward and Ken Hall · CanadaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • When threatened, it assumes a 'sky-pointing' posture, stretching its neck upward and swaying to mimic wind-blown reeds.
  • The male's booming call is amplified by an esophagus that can be inflated with air to act as a resonance chamber.
  • Its eyes are set low on the head, allowing it to see forward while its bill is pointed vertically toward the sky.
  • Unlike many heron species, American Bitterns are solitary and do not nest in large communal colonies.
  • It possesses specialized 'powder down' feathers which it crushes with its beak to help clean fish slime from its plumage.
Habitat
Densely vegetated freshwater and brackish marshes, bogs, and wet meadows.
Range
Breeds across Canada and the northern United States; winters in the southern US, Mexico, and the Caribbean.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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