Dwarf Bittern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Dwarf Bittern

Botaurus sturmii

The Dwarf Bittern is a small, elusive heron characterized by its dark slate-grey plumage and heavily streaked throat. It is known for its secretive behavior in seasonally flooded wetlands across sub-Saharan Africa.

What it sounds like

A deep, repetitive, and muffled 'hoo-hoo-hoo', usually emitted during the breeding season or at night.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Field notes

  • It is the smallest bittern in its range, typically measuring only 25 to 30 centimeters in length.
  • The species is highly migratory within Africa, timing its movements to coincide with seasonal rainfall and the filling of ephemeral pans.
  • When threatened, it adopts a 'bittern posture' by stretching its neck and bill skyward to blend in with surrounding vegetation.
  • Unlike many colonial herons, the Dwarf Bittern is primarily solitary and largely active during crepuscular or nocturnal hours.
  • Its nest is a surprisingly flimsy, translucent platform of twigs, often placed just above the water level in overhanging trees or bushes.
Habitat
Seasonally flooded grasslands, marshes, and dense thickets near rivers or woodland pools.
Range
Sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Senegal to Ethiopia and south to South Africa.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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