Hawaiian Goose illustration
Birdsong field guide

Hawaiian Goose

Branta sandvicensis

The Nene is the world's rarest goose and the official state bird of Hawaii, uniquely adapted for terrestrial life on volcanic slopes. It is a descendant of the Canada Goose that evolved specialized morphological traits to thrive in island ecosystems.

What it sounds like

A soft, low-pitched 'nay-nay' sound from which its common name is derived, as well as louder honks similar to a Canada Goose.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Phoenix Birder · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Possesses reduced webbing and elongated, padded toes to provide better grip when navigating rugged, jagged lava flows.
  • The species experienced a severe genetic bottleneck in the 1950s, with the global population dropping to approximately 30 individuals.
  • Unlike most waterfowl, Nene are capable of mating on land and do not require open water for any stage of their life cycle.
  • They exhibit a distinctive 'furrowed' neck feather pattern, where black feathers create deep, diagonal cream-colored grooves.
  • While they are capable of flight, they are non-migratory and spend their entire lives on the Hawaiian archipelago.
Habitat
Volcanic scrublands, grasslands, and sparsely vegetated lava plains from sea level up to high-elevation subalpine zones.
Range
Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, primarily found on Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, and Molokai.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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