Gyrfalcon illustration
Birdsong field guide

Gyrfalcon

Falco rusticolus

The Gyrfalcon is the world's largest falcon, a powerful Arctic predator characterized by its broad wings and highly variable plumage ranging from snowy white to dark charcoal.

What it sounds like

A deep, rasping, and rhythmic 'kak-kak-kak' or 'kyak-kyak-kyak,' typically slower and lower-pitched than that of a Peregrine Falcon.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Lars Edenius · SwedenCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the largest falcon species in the world, with a wingspan that can reach up to 130 centimeters.
  • The species exhibits extreme color polymorphism, with white, silver, and dark brown morphs occurring across its range.
  • Gyrfalcons are specialized hunters of ptarmigan, which can comprise over 90% of their diet during the breeding season.
  • They do not construct their own nests, instead utilizing cliff ledges or refurbishing abandoned stick nests of Common Ravens or Golden Eagles.
  • Unlike many raptors, some high-latitude populations remain in the Arctic year-round, surviving the extreme conditions of the polar winter.
Habitat
Arctic tundra, coastal cliffs, and barren mountain ranges above the treeline.
Range
Circumpolar Arctic and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Greenland, Eurasia, and Iceland.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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