Ferruginous Duck illustration
Birdsong field guide

Ferruginous Duck

Aythya nyroca

A small, mahogany-colored diving duck characterized by its white undertail coverts and a distinctive white wing-bar visible in flight. It is a secretive species often found in well-vegetated wetlands across the Palearctic.

What it sounds like

Generally silent; males produce a soft, wheezy 'vuk-vuk' during courtship, while females have a harsh, rattling 'kurr' call.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Paweł Malczyk · PolandCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only European diving duck that displays white undertail coverts while swimming on the water's surface.
  • Adult males are known for their striking white or pale-yellow irises, which contrast sharply with their dark reddish-brown plumage.
  • The species is currently classified as Near Threatened due to significant population declines caused by habitat loss and wetland degradation.
  • Unlike many other diving ducks, it frequently feeds in very shallow water and may occasionally tip up like a dabbling duck.
  • During the breeding season, it is exceptionally shy and prefers water bodies with dense reed beds and floating vegetation for nesting.
Habitat
Shallow freshwater lakes, marshes, and ponds with extensive emergent vegetation and floating plants.
Range
Breeds in southern and eastern Europe and central Asia; winters in the Mediterranean basin, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Indian subcontinent.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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