Eurasian Kestrel illustration
Birdsong field guide

Eurasian Kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

The Eurasian Kestrel is a common, medium-sized bird of prey renowned for its ability to hover stationary in mid-air while hunting. It is a highly adaptable falcon frequently observed in both rural and urban environments across the Old World.

What it sounds like

A sharp, repetitive, and shrill series of 'kee-kee-kee' or 'klee-klee-klee' notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Thierry THOMAS · FranceCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is famous for its 'windhovering' technique, flying into the wind to remain stationary while scanning the ground for prey.
  • The species possesses the ability to see near-ultraviolet light, allowing it to follow the urine trails of voles and other small rodents.
  • It exhibits sexual dichromatism; adult males have a blue-grey head and tail, while females are overall rufous with dark barring.
  • Unlike many falcons, it does not build its own nest, instead utilizing cliff ledges, buildings, or the abandoned stick nests of corvids.
  • Its population is highly sensitive to the multi-year population cycles of its primary prey, the field vole.
Habitat
Open landscapes including grasslands, farmlands, moorlands, and increasingly urban areas with tall structures.
Range
Widespread across Europe, Asia, and Africa, ranging from the Atlantic coast to Japan.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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