Colima Warbler illustration
Birdsong field guide

Colima Warbler

Leiothlypis crissalis

The Colima Warbler is a large, ground-nesting wood-warbler characterized by its subtle gray plumage and distinctive yellow-orange undertail coverts. It is highly sought after by birders due to its extremely restricted range within the United States.

What it sounds like

A loud, rapid, dry trill similar to that of a Chipping Sparrow but more musical and varying in pitch.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Manuel Grosselet · MexicoCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the largest member of the genus Leiothlypis, measuring significantly larger than its close relative, the Virginia's Warbler.
  • In the United States, its breeding range is almost entirely restricted to the Chisos Mountains of Big Bend National Park.
  • Nests are meticulously concealed on the ground, often tucked under overhanging bunchgrass or deep oak leaf litter.
  • The species was first discovered in the Sierra de Colima, Mexico, in 1889, but its U.S. presence wasn't confirmed until 1928.
  • Unlike many wood-warblers, the Colima Warbler lacks bold wing bars or tail spots, relying on its pale eye-ring and rufous crown patch for identification.
Habitat
High-altitude montane forests featuring a mix of oak, pine, and juniper with a dense, leafy understory.
Range
Breeds in the Chisos Mountains (Texas) and the Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico); winters in southwestern Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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