Citrine Wagtail illustration
Birdsong field guide

Citrine Wagtail

Motacilla citreola

A slender, elegant passerine of wet habitats, famous for the breeding male's brilliant lemon-yellow head and constant tail-wagging. It is closely related to the Yellow Wagtail but prefers more marshy or boggy environments.

What it sounds like

A sharp, buzzy, and metallic 'tsreep' or 'zrreep', which is harsher and more explosive than the call of the Yellow Wagtail.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Kasper Wieck · TurkeyCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Breeding males are the only wagtails with a completely bright yellow head and underparts, lacking any dark mask or cap.
  • The species is currently undergoing a significant westward range expansion from its traditional Siberian and Central Asian strongholds into Europe.
  • Unlike the similar Yellow Wagtail, it is almost exclusively found in very wet areas like marshes, bogs, and lake margins.
  • Juveniles lack the yellow coloration and are distinguished by a pale face with a dark 'frame' around the ear coverts.
  • It typically nests on the ground, hiding its cup-shaped nest deep within thick grass or marsh vegetation to avoid predators.
Habitat
Wet meadows, tundra, willow bogs, and the muddy edges of freshwater lakes and rivers.
Range
Breeds across Eastern Europe, Siberia, and Central Asia; winters in South Asia and parts of Southeast Asia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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