White-throated Dipper illustration
Birdsong field guide

White-throated Dipper

Cinclus cinclus

A plump, short-tailed aquatic songbird famous for its unique ability to walk underwater and its characteristic vertical bobbing motion.

What it sounds like

A sharp, metallic 'zit-zit' call and a sweet, wren-like warbling song audible over the sound of rushing water.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. bert de bruin · NorwayCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It possesses high concentrations of hemoglobin to store oxygen, allowing it to stay submerged in freezing water for up to 30 seconds.
  • The bird uses specialized nasal flaps to prevent water from entering its nostrils while foraging on the riverbed.
  • It is the only passerine capable of swimming both on the surface and diving deep using its wings like flippers.
  • Dippers are sensitive to pollution and serve as vital bioindicators for the health of freshwater ecosystems.
  • They build large, domed moss nests often located behind waterfalls or tucked under bridges directly over rushing water.
Habitat
Fast-flowing, unpolluted stony rivers and mountain streams with high oxygen content.
Range
Widespread across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Central and Western Asia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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