American Dipper illustration
Birdsong field guide

American Dipper

Cinclus mexicanus

North America's only truly aquatic songbird, the American Dipper is a stout, slate-gray passerine famous for its habitual bobbing and ability to forage entirely underwater.

What it sounds like

A loud, clear, mockingbird-like song consisting of repeated trills and whistles; the common call is a sharp, metallic 'zeet'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Peter Ward · CanadaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It possesses an oversized uropygial gland to provide extra oil for waterproofing its exceptionally dense plumage.
  • The bird has movable scales that close its nostrils when submerged and a high concentration of hemoglobin to facilitate diving in cold, high-altitude water.
  • It performs a characteristic 'dipping' motion, bobbing its entire body up to 60 times per minute, which may assist with visual depth perception in turbulent water.
  • Dippers build mossy, dome-shaped nests with a side entrance, often situated on cliff ledges or bridges directly behind or above waterfalls.
  • Unlike most songbirds, it undergoes a simultaneous molt of all its primary feathers, rendering it flightless for a short period annually.
Habitat
Fast-flowing, clear, unpolluted mountain streams and rocky rivers.
Range
Western North America, from Alaska and western Canada through the western United States to Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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