White-eyed Gull illustration
Birdsong field guide

White-eyed Gull

Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus

A medium-sized gull endemic to the Red Sea region, easily identified by its distinctive black hood and prominent white crescents above and below the eyes.

What it sounds like

A high-pitched, nasal 'pwee-ow' and various harsh, barking social notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. David Darrell-Lambert · Saudi ArabiaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is one of the world's most range-restricted gull species, found almost exclusively in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
  • The species is classified as Near Threatened due to its small population size and vulnerability to oil spills and habitat disturbance.
  • Adults possess a long, slender bill that is bright red with a black tip during the breeding season.
  • Unlike many generalist gulls, this species rarely scavenges at refuse tips, preferring a diet of fish and aquatic invertebrates.
  • It nests in loose colonies on offshore coral islands, typically placing its nest in a shallow scrape on open sand or rock.
Habitat
Marine coastal waters, sandy beaches, coral reefs, and offshore islands.
Range
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, with some individuals wandering south to the coasts of Somalia and Kenya.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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