Mediterranean Gull illustration
Birdsong field guide

Mediterranean Gull

Ichthyaetus melanocephalus

A medium-sized, elegant gull known for its jet-black summer hood and strikingly translucent white wingtips. It has significantly expanded its breeding range from the Black Sea across the rest of Europe over the last century.

What it sounds like

A characteristic nasal, cat-like 'ee-err' or 'ky-ow' that is lower-pitched and more melodic than the Black-headed Gull.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Thierry THOMAS · FranceCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Adults lack any black on their primary wing feathers, a key feature that distinguishes them from the similar Black-headed Gull.
  • The species displays a bright red bill with a dark subterminal bar and matching deep red legs during the breeding season.
  • It possesses a distinctive white 'broken eye-ring' made of two thick crescents that contrast sharply against its dark hood.
  • While historically rare in Western Europe, the population has boomed, with thousands now breeding in colonies along the North Sea and Atlantic coasts.
  • It follows a two-year plumage cycle, reaching full adult appearance after its second winter moult.
Habitat
Coastal marshes, salt pans, and estuaries; frequently found foraging in inland agricultural fields during the winter.
Range
Breeds primarily in the Black Sea and across Europe; winters along the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and North African coasts.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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