Western Red-billed Hornbill illustration
Birdsong field guide

Western Red-billed Hornbill

Tockus kempi

A small, ground-foraging hornbill of West African savannas, recognized by its slender, curved red bill and white-spotted wing coverts.

What it sounds like

An accelerating series of rhythmic, clucking 'tok-tok-tok' notes that crescendos into a sequence of double-syllable 'kuk-we' sounds.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Romuald Mikusek · GambiaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Formerly considered a subspecies of the Red-billed Hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) before being elevated to species status.
  • During nesting, the female is sealed inside a tree cavity with mud and droppings, leaving only a narrow slit for the male to provide food.
  • It possesses fused first and second neck vertebrae (the atlas and axis) to provide a stable platform for its heavy bill.
  • Unlike many larger hornbill species, it lacks a prominent casque on the upper mandible, showing only a slight ridge.
  • Primarily insectivorous, it is often seen walking or hopping on the ground to hunt for grasshoppers, beetles, and small lizards.
Habitat
Arid savannas, open thorn scrub, and dry woodlands.
Range
West Africa, ranging from Senegal and Gambia east to western Mali.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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