Ruddy Duck illustration
Birdsong field guide

Ruddy Duck

Oxyura jamaicensis

A small, chunky stiff-tailed diving duck notable for the male's vibrant sky-blue bill and vertical tail posture during the breeding season.

What it sounds like

Generally silent, but males produce low, rhythmic tapping or drumming sounds by beating their bills against their chests.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / --:--
Rec. Paul Marvin · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • They lay the largest eggs relative to their body size of any North American waterfowl species.
  • Males perform a unique courtship display called 'bubble-lifting' by slapping their bills against their chests to create bubbles.
  • Their legs are set so far back on their bodies that they are highly efficient divers but nearly unable to walk on land.
  • Ruddy Ducks are often seen swimming with their stiff, spiky tail feathers cocked vertically at a 90-degree angle.
  • During the breeding season, males are highly aggressive and will chase other birds, including those much larger than themselves.
Habitat
Freshwater marshes, prairie potholes, and alkaline lakes for breeding; coastal bays and estuaries for wintering.
Range
Native to North and Central America; introduced and invasive populations exist in Western Europe.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Ruddy Duck?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song