Palm Warbler illustration
Birdsong field guide

Palm Warbler

Setophaga palmarum

A ground-foraging wood-warbler easily recognized by its constant tail-wagging and distinctive rufous cap during the breeding season.

What it sounds like

A weak, buzzy, monotonous trill; the common call is a sharp, dry 'check' note.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. David A. Brinkman · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is one of the earliest warblers to migrate north in the spring, often arriving well before most other wood-warblers.
  • Despite its name, it spends the majority of its time foraging on the ground or in low shrubs rather than in palm trees.
  • There are two distinct subspecies: the 'Yellow' Palm Warbler of the east and the more widespread, drabber 'Western' Palm Warbler.
  • It is characterized by a near-constant vertical pumping of its tail, a behavioral trait rare among other members of its family.
  • Unlike most wood-warblers that nest in the canopy, it typically builds its nest on or near the ground, often tucked into sphagnum moss.
Habitat
Breeds in open boreal bogs and muskeg; winters in weedy fields, forest edges, and scrubby coastal areas.
Range
Breeds across the northern United States and Canada; winters in the southeastern U.S., the Caribbean, and Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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